Top Essay Topics for Placement Test Tips!

Top Essay Topics for Placement Test Tips! The test is straightforward and easy only as long as you are getting ready for it several months before. It gives you an experience of sitting in a true ECAT test center. Before you test, make sure to review. Placement tests aren't timed. Selenium Webdriver is just one of the most well-known testing frameworks. It is able to interact with all the different elements in a webpage. By covering all the various functionalities on your site with Selenium tests, you'll be in a position to rapidly catch new and reappearing old bugs. Your Selenium tests will be simple to read and understand. Students will be permitted to request 1 math placement test retake. Proofreading and revising is critical in offering a polished essay. Scoring well in school exams won't decide your future, but if you prefer to attain high targets and a prosperous life, you must think before it's too late. Students who are not sure of their Spanish language skills should check with their academic advisor and could possibly be provided a Spanish Placement Advisor Referral Form so as to select the Web. Good placement is valuable to your success in college. No appointment is demanded. Exceptions are dependent on the writing coordinator. The Chronicles of Essay Topics for Placement Test Use varied sentence structures Demonstrate a number of sentence structures in your writing to find a greater score. Your language selection will be dependent on this issue. Initially, you'd be given a particular topic to talk about which would wind up getting a more challenging interview vogue query. Mba essay help secure high quality essay writing service all services there are dozens and dozens of essay writing services from which you can purchase an. Confirm that you know the question. In case you have any questions please inform us in the comments below. It might be that you've been instructed on the sort of essay to write or, as an alternative, you could have been given free rein regarding what styles to select. You must tie 1 idea to the next, so the reader can follow through. Its principal attempt is to persuade a reader to adopt a specific point of view or maybe to take a specific action on the matter. Then devote the remainder of your essay to supporting it. Definitions of Essay Topics for Placement Test Food is now less difficult to prepare. In every one of the two, you will use a completely different assortment of words. What are the variety of ways to reach a purpose of sustainable fashion. For an Essay contest, the style in which you express yourself depends upon the subject you've got to write on. You will be provided a selection of topics. A common unfavorable behavior emerges here. What You Should Do About Essay Topics for Placement Test Beginning in the Next 15 Minutes The more practice you've got, the better you will end up. You have to practice a number of mock tests in order to acquire the feeling of the time constraint during the exam. Having illustrated diagrams for electrode placement is also practical for patients who purchase home units and wish to use their TENS unit by themselves. Placement test scores are valid for a couple of years, in accord with state guidelines. With the diverse therapy applications of a TENS unit, it's the ideal addition to numerous rehabilitation regimens. One of the principal goals in pain management in physical therapy is to get a modality that's non-invasive and productive. Patient will truly feel a little tingling feeling. The term that you want to use is misalignment. The Advantages of Essay Topics for Placement Test In case you are unable to disprove the cheating charges, colleges will just find your scores are canceled, without access to additional information regarding why it happened. An mba essay will be supplied. You might also be informed that you've been accused of cheating after the test. A small review may create a difference. If you are flagged as a result of a substantial score improve, the testing agency will typically request that you retake the test, at no cost, in a more controlled setting. The intention of the placement test is to set the course that's best suited to your writing needs.

Korean Players in Major League Baseball - 1588 Words

Even though Chan-Ho Park’s case proved that Korean players could compete in Major League Baseball, none of other Koreans successfully settled in U.S.A. after Park. Approximately after ten years, a similar case with Park’s debut came out with Shin-Soo Choo. Shin-Soo Choo, who did not make a debut in Korean Baseball Championship before debuting in Major League Baseball, made debut with Seattle Mariners on 21 April 2005. Choo dreamed about Major League Baseball, which led him into a Rookie contract with Seattle mariners after his graduation from high school in 2000. Therefore, he made up to Seattle Mariners’s Minor League and even up to Major League (â€Å"Choo Shin Soo†). Nonetheless, his debut in the Major League did not lead him into†¦show more content†¦He signed for $36 million over six seasons and an opt-out after five years if he has pitched 750 innings. According to his biography, he also had Tommy John surgery when he was in high school, wh ich raised an immediate red flag among the local reporters. There were too many what if’s and red flags associated with Ryu as he prepared for his first season in Major League Baseball to think that he can be an impact starting pitcher coming from Korea Baseball Championship (Wells). Despite the doubts over his ability, he was determined to prove everyone wrong and had grounds for confidence. In 2006, he made a historic debut as he was named both the leagues Rookie of the Year and MVP after posting an 18-6 record with a 2.23 ERA and 205 strikeouts. With an impressive performance, he garnered international recognition in 2008 as a member of South Koreas Olympic gold-medal winning team and in the 2009 World Baseball Classic (Rosenbaum). According to the scouting report of Baseball America, he just turned 22, but he already pitches like a veteran. Ryu has four averages to above-average pitches, includes an 86-93 mph fastball with late life that he can add and subtract from when needed, a slow curve (75 mph), a tighter slider and a changeup. Already extensively tested in international play, Ryus biggest asset is his feelShow MoreRelatedThe Asian Athlete : A Cultural Icon Of Chinese American Communities1708 Words   |  7 Pagesimage of the patriotic immigrant subject who asks little to nothing of the nation and praises the nation for the opportunities it presents (Joo, 2012). One example is found by Mayeda (1999) regarding Japanese pitcher Hideo Nomo’s first year in the major league (1995), as the American sports media viewed him conforming entirely to American beliefs and values. According to the author, Nomo embraced this perception by sacrificing personal comforts and remaining quiet to better help his team and teammatesRead MoreAmerican Baseball in the Korean War3283 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican Baseball: Serving in Korea, but Larger than the War The Korean War, ranging from 1950-1953, marked the end to a major era in the sporting world as it was the last time professional athletes were expected to fight in war, regardless of their status as celebrities. Because of the time frame of the Korean War, famous athletes such as Ted Williams, Willie Mays, and Mickey Mantle, some of the greatest to ever play the game of baseball, were expected to be willing and able to fight. EachRead MoreThe Impact of Japanese Mlb Players5610 Words   |  23 Pages Japanese baseball began, but at that time, baseball players played wearing kimonos and bare feet. Nowadays, most American baseball enthusiasts know Japanese top level players, such as Daisuke Matsuzaka, Hideki Matsui, and Ichiro Suzuki because they have many accomplishments in the highest level baseball league MLB [Major League Baseball]. Many Japanese professional baseball players are trying to move to America, as a result by 2009 16 Japanese players belonged to MLB teams (48 players born in Japan)Read MoreElectronic Sports: Really a Sport?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesbe leagues for the division of the skills of each player, a rules basis so that there is no cheating, and definitely a player base as well as fan base. Eventually eSports will become one of the next big televised events all over the world. It’s already gaining stardom in other parts of the world than the United States, but eventually it’ll catch on here too. Just as with the sports on the big television downstairs in the living room, such as soccer, basketball, football, softball, baseball, andRead MoreLol West Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesfour will disappoint. The Dodgers have won the division each of the last four years and will likely win it again this season. They have both a dynamite lineup and a light ‘em up rotation, but were plagued by injuries last season and have numerous players who are injury risks this year. Their ace is Clayton Kershaw, who has been an all-star for six consecutive seasons and the NL Cy Young winner thrice; in one of those years he won the NL MVP as well. Rich Hill pitched superbly last season when he wasRead More The Globalization of Sports Essay2164 Words   |  9 PagesManchester United as a soccer team has become so successful. According to Hill and Vincent the brand as product is very marketable because the familiarity of the basic concepts of the sport, the ease to play, the value of the En glish premier league as a league, and the country of origin for the modern game was invented in England. (Hill Vincent, 2006) The brand as organization also is marketable due to the traditional club youth program, the adding of household names, and the fast pace of playRead MoreCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words   |  49 Pagesdescriptions of the country and the financial conditions which are relevant for conducting this research. Concluding the paper we will have a recommendation as to whether or not it will be advisable for a Medical Products, Inc. to engage in South Korean Market. Medical Products, Inc. (MPI) is a U.S. firm founded in 1998 by a small group of medical and scientific research professionals. 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Differential Analysis-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: With references, and execute your approach. Provide an answer to the case studys question with a recommendation. Case Study: Assume that a firm has prepared the following cost estimates for the manufacture of a sub assembly component based on an annual production of 8,000 units. Per Unit Total Direct materials $5 $40,000 Direct labor $4 $32,000 Variable factory overhead applied $4 $32,000 Fixed factory over head applied (150% of direct labor cost) $6 $48,000 Total Cost $19 $152,000 The supplier has offered to provide the subassembly at a price of $16 each. Two-thirds of fixed factory overhead, which represents executive salaries, rent, depreciation, and taxes, continue regardless of the decision. Should the company buy or make the product? Answer: Introduction: The overall assessment mainly helps in depicting the overall viability of make and buy option, which might allow the company to generate profitability. The relevant calculation could mainly help in detecting viability of the decision, which needs to be conducted by the company. The relevant valuation mainly states, viability of the approach for generating higher revenue from the operations. Providing relevant solution regarding make or buy decision: Particulars Total of 8000 units Per unit Make Buy Make Buy Purchase price 128,000 16 Direct material 40,000 5 Direct labour 32,000 4 Variable overhead 32,000 4 Fixed overhead 16,000 2 Total relevant cost 120,000 128,000 15 16 Difference in favour of making 8,000 1 The above table mainly represents the overall calculations, which could directly help in generating higher revenue from investments. The relevant calculation also states that making the product could mainly help in generating higher revenue from investments. The overall buying process will mainly reduce profits by $1, which might hamper profitability of the organisation. Cumby (2013) mentioned that the make or buy decisions are mainly made by the management after careful evaluation of the cost factors. Hence, from the overall evaluation it could be identified that make option is a much better way for the company. Explain the approach to the problem: There are mainly two approaches, which could be conducted by the company, where it will make or buy the relevant products for selling the products. The approach could mainly allow the company to generate higher revenue from investments. The relevant buy approach could mainly reduce the overall time input, which needs to be conducted by the company. Cumby (2013) mentioned that with the help of outsourcing companies in the current era are mainly able to reduce the overall cost of product and maximise their profitability. Furthermore, the making process can be considered by the management, which might help in generating higher revenue from investments. The overall method could mainly allow the organisation to generate higher revenue from investment, which in turn could increase their stability and financial conduction (Johansson, 2015). The outsourcing measures where the company buys the product mainly allow the company to reduce all the fixed and other costs, when demand for the profit s is not high. This directly allows the company to reduce costs in lean seasons and continuously generate higher revenue from investments. From the overall evaluation of the calculation, viability of making option could be detected, which might help in understating the boost in profits generated from the method. The making option is considered the best viable option for the company, where the overall profits will increase by $1 per unit and $8,000 for 8,000 units. Kalaignanam, Kushwaha Swartz (2017) stated that companies with the help of adequate cost valuation directly help in understanding the measures, which could reduce costs and increase profitability. However, maintaining a relevant production measure could directly allow the company to compensate for any kind of increased demand, where the relevant cost of the product would reduce. Hence, the maintenance of the production facility and make option could help in supporting higher production needs of the consumers. Supporting the approach with relevant understanding: From the overall evaluation, of the calculation making the product could mainly help in generating higher revenue from investment. Moreover, the company with help of making attributes could help in generating higher revenue from production. However, the making process could lose its friction only if the demand for the product reduces which directly increase cost and reduce viability of the investment option (Nielsen, Mitchell Nrreklit, 2015). Furthermore, the increment in demand of the product will directly reduce cost and allow the company to generate higher revenue, while maintaining the competition level in the market. Recommendation Therefore, with the help of make option the company will mainly reduce cost by $1 per unit or get a total profit of $8,000 for 8,000 units. Therefore, it could mainly help in generating higher revenue from investment, as total cost of the product will reduce. Hence, the use of making option is a viable approach than buying option for the company. References: Alfaro, L., Antrs, P., Chor, D., Conconi, P. (2015). Make or buy decisions over upstream and downstream inputs: An investigation of firm boundaries along value chains.VoxEu. org,14. Cumby, J. A. (2013). Business 2101: managerial accounting. Program 13-03. Make or buy decision. Johansson, T. (2015). A critical appraisal of the current use of transaction cost explanations for government make-or-buy choices: Towards a contingent theory and forms of tests.Public Management Review,17(5), 661-678. Jussila, K., Gylling15, M., Saarinen, M. (2014). CASE 2 The Dynamics of Make vs. Buy Decisions in a Global EconomyA Firm Study14.GLOBAL OPERATIONS NETWORKS, 307. Kalaignanam, K., Kushwaha, T., Swartz, T. A. (2017). The Differential Impact of New Product Development Make/Buy Choices on Immediate and Future Product Quality: Insights from the Automobile Industry.Journal of Marketing,81(6), 1-23. Nielsen, L. B., Mitchell, F., Nrreklit, H. (2015, March). Management accounting and decision making: Two case studies of outsourcing. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 64-82). Elsevie

Islamic Religion and Its Influence on the Society

Introduction Africa is one of the largest homes to Muslims because many of them live in Africa. Islam means submission and peace and Muslims live a peaceful life by submitting to Allah. Hollins (64) argues that a Muslim is any person following Islamic laws. According to Islam traditions, Allah sent angel Gabriel to reveal His word to Mohammed hence becoming the messenger of Allah.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islamic Religion and Its Influence on the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Qur’an is a holy book with Allah’s revelations and teachings that dictates the core beliefs and cultures of the Islamic community. According to Center for Health Disparities, the Islam faith is among monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Christianity (2). The objective of this paper is to understand Islam as a religion, the way it affects its followers and the way in which its followers view the world in general. Morocco is an Arab country whose main religion is Islam. The laws of the country are set based on the religion that is also used to govern spiritual, social, and political aspects as Mernissi points out (3). Morocco is derived from a word in Arabic language â€Å"al-maghrib-al-asqsa† that means far west. McGuiness argues that the value systems, beliefs and practices of Moroccans are culturally assimilated in Arab and Berber Muslim traditions (494). In addition, the history of Islam in Morocco started in the desert oases of Arabia in the 17th century A.D. Christians and Jews first inhabited the region. The Quran and Prophet Mohammed Teachings dictate the Muslim culture and practices. Islamic Traditions and Cultures The traditions and practices of the Muslim culture are enshrined in the Holy Qur’an. Khan gives some of the forbidden practices and normal way of life. Food plays a vital role and meaning in the Islam religious life because eating is one way of worshipping Allah (108). There are two types of foods. The Halal, which is food that is accepted before Allah and Haram, the food prohibited by the Muslim faith. Some of the other things that are prohibited by the Qur’an include: charging interests on loans and using usury is prohibited The Qur’an forbids a husband from taking dower from his wife in cases of a divorce. Dower is a gift that a wife gets with no conditions attached. Alcohol, nicotine, drugs and other by-products from these elements are not allowed. Pork and its by-products are prohibited. Muslims women are not supposed to wear tight clothes that portray their skin and shape. They are required to cover all parts of the body except hands. Some cover their faces with veil and it varies from country to country. Men cover their bodies from the knee to the neck with caps covering the heads. No one has the right to take life because life is sacred. Therefore, suicide is a serious offence before Allah T he expression of Islamic art is architecture that is depicted in the way houses, buildings and mosques are constructed. Islam is rich in theology and several spiritual practices that Muslims follow in their day-to-day walk. Prayers A prayer plays a central part in the life a Muslim. Muslims have different types of prayers such as personal prayers that can be said anywhere and anytime and ritual prayers that are conducted in a specific manner with special words kneeling and facing ka’bab the direction of the holy city in Mecca.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prophet Abraham built Ka’bab and it is cubical in shape. The ritual prayers are said 5 times in a day, in the morning, midday, mid afternoon, sunset and before going to bed. The prayers are offered in mosques on Friday and only men are allowed to attend the prayers. There are no chairs in the mosque s and worshippers kneel down during their services, shoes are not allowed, as it is a holy place. Before any ritual, they have to wash their faces, hands and feet before approaching Allah. Pilgrimage/haji In 622 C E, Prophet Mohammed saved himself from his enemies who were after his life by running and hiding in the holy city of Medina. Mecca is a central part of a Muslim life and they go to pay homage to the place that is closely related to the life of their prophet. The Qur’an encourages its followers to participate in the annual pilgrimage visit. Fasting Fasting is a very important practice that Muslims perform once a month annually during the month of Ramadan that starts after the full moon. During Ramadhan, the faithful abstain from taking food and drinks from dawn to dusk. Zakat The Quran encourages Muslims to be responsible and kind to the less fortunate people in the society and there is a mandatory contribution of zakat by Muslim faithful to be taken to the less fort unate people in the society. Islam as a religion has a holistic approach to life with major implications to men and women in Morocco. The Islamic law transcends the modern system of law as it is a way of life and therefore sacred. Mernessi believes that Islamic law (sharia) denies people an opportunity to alter the bad laws as it will be questioning Allah’s wisdom. For instance, changing personal law is errant behavior (dalala) and the punishment of dalala is hell (2). How religion affects human health or health care system. The Center for Health Disparities believes that Muslim health practices vary depending on their ethnicity rather than religion (3). Culture shapes and promotes how people behave and it can affect either someone’s health positively or negatively. For instance, Islamic laws encourage the male to have more than one sexual partner while it is unlawful for females to have more than one partner and this places the woman prone and be infected with sexuall y transmitted diseases such HIV/AIDs. Men have a greater access to health more than the women do. Sen indicates that the failure to give women attention and care when sick results to fewer women surviving, than men who are given food, social and medical attention (61).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islamic Religion and Its Influence on the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How religion affects roles in men and women Moroccan laws and culture are derived from the Qur’an and it clearly states the rights and roles of women and men in the society and their various positions. Sura states â€Å"Allah charges you on providing for your children; to the male the equivalent of two female† (Sen 61). This means what a man has is double of what a woman has. Males should provide financial support and care. In Sura 4:34, â€Å"Men are in charge of women, Allah made one of them to be better than the other and good women are obedient† (Sen 61) this puts the men to be superior of women and the men should be masters over women. Prophet Mohammed, who is a superior being and a role model, believes women are less intelligent and not so, religious and a country that elects a woman ruler is doomed to fail. Male leaders are encouraged to take senior positions in the organizations. Women as the lesser being are treated like slaves and cleanliness, housework is a woman duty. Moroccan labor laws have many restrictions on employment applying to children and women below the age of 16 and this discourages the women folk as they have also to do the house chores fully. How religion affects Educational system Islam plays a role in the development of the curriculum and students choice in selecting subjects. Westerlund and Rosander argue that schools are putting more emphasis in training languages and History, Mathematics and Geography (8). Women in Morocco are supposed to be passive in accepting the status quo. Many educated Moroccan women have started fighting for their rights by established several women’s rights movements to try to improve their situation. For instance, in the urban areas women movements are working to change some articles in the law, they want to reduce the gap between sharia and democracy, in terms of freedom of speech, thoughts and movement, however in Islamic there is never room for freedom. The personal law called mudawwanah, which is based on Islamic Sharia, forms the biggest challenge in the women’s struggle towards equality. Education disrupts the status quo of Islamic traditions as women are perceived to be less intelligent and they should depend entirely to the male, but education empowers women and they make them at par socially and professionally with their male counterparts which challenges the traditions. According to Rassam (171) says insubordination of women in public sphere and being forced in their cocoons at ho me has reduced women in public domainAdvertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How religion affects marriage, pregnancy, and birth giving Sura 4:3 states â€Å"Muslims are encouraged to marry more than one wife so long as the women are nice† (Sen 61). In Islamic laws, women are seen as sex objects and dangerous seducers. The Qur’an says women can change the destiny of a man by distracting him from worshipping Allah. Marriage is the most important event for a Moroccan woman in her lifetime, but despite how a woman views the event, she does not take part and is very absent in preparation of the marriage and wedding, she is a passive party. Women in Morocco get married at a tender age of 14-16 years of age, the bride does not choose the suitor and it is the work of the father, guardian or any male relative. As Qur’an commands in Sura 4:25 â€Å"wed them by permission of the folks† Mernissi (4). Mernissi believes in Moroccan marriage is not an agreement between the couple but between the two men (suitor and father) who are in control of the marriage arrangements. The country laws states that women are an inferior being and they cannot make crucial decisions in their marriages and are a possession of the male, with no freedom to act on their own. Virginity is a virtue in the Moroccan law when getting married. If a bride is not a virgin, the groom is allowed to leave her and sometimes, the bride wealth can be slashed into half, and the code of â€Å"Honor and Shame† is so much emphasized on women. Birth control is prohibited in the Muslim culture and family planning in form of birth control is discouraged. When a Muslim woman gives birth, the parents take the placenta and buried according to the Muslim burial rituals. Women must be obedient to their husbands and the husbands can marry as many wives as he feels. He has overall control over his wife; for instance if the wife leaves her matrimonial home the man has a right to forcefully bring the wife back and fidelity is required from women and not the man. Wom en have a right to sexual attention in marriage but cannot abstain or refuse the husband when he wants sex unless she is menstruating. Conclusion Islam religion believes only Allah should be worshipped and Mohammed is the only Prophet of Allah. Islamic affects the society in all spheres of life, socially, economically and politically. Quran specify that women are the lesser being and it is becoming a challenge to change the retrogressive cultures like discriminating and violence against women as it will be questioning Allah. The Moroccan states laws restricts women and children below the age of 16 from applying for formal employment and therefore woman end up doing household chores only. Furthermore, the Islamic region allows man to marry up to four wives provided the man can provide for all of them. Finally, the religion does not allow birth control and therefore, women are forced to have as many children as the husband wants. We see that the religion is biased particularly towards women. Works Cited Center for Heath Disparities. Wellness Recreational Centre: Muslim population. Lowa City: University of Northern Lowa, 1997. Hollins, Susan. Religion, culture health care: a practical handbook for use in health care environments. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 2009. Khan, Arshad. Principles and practices. Illinois: Lincoln Nebraska Universe Publishers, 2003. McGuiness, Justin. Morocco: Foot print travel guide. London: Sage Publishers, 2003. Print. Mermissi, Fatima. Beyond the vile: male- female dynamics in modern Muslim society. Perkins, Kenneth. Tunisia crossroads of the Islamic European worlds. Michigan: Westuren Press, 1986. Rassam, Amal. Women domestic power in Morocco: International Journal of Middle East Studies 12(1980):1-10. Sen, Amartya. More than 100 million women are missing. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990. Skalli, Loubna. Through a local prism: gender globalization identity in Morocco women. Lexington: Lexington Publishers, 2006. Westerlund, David and Rosander, Evers. African Islam Islam in Africa: Encounter between Sufis and Islamist. London: Hurst Co. Publishers, 1997. This research paper on Islamic Religion and Its Influence on the Society was written and submitted by user Marisol U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings

do not necessarily bring a new par... Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings Free Essays on O Sweet Spontaneous - Linguistic Analysis Of Poem By Ee Cummings American Literature 1865-Present O sweet spontaneous In stark contrast of style, e e cummings’ poetry rejected most rules of English grammar. Cummings used word positioning in conjunction with other grammatical idiosyncrasies to express his ideas about the celebration of individualism, love and the essence of spring. Other quirks would include using desired capitalization rather than when appropriate, â€Å"incorrect† use of parenthesis and other punctuation. Cummings’ modernism and artistic experimentalism culminated in a radical poetic language and he created an eccentric style. Although cummings’ poetry can be a difficult read as he writes for a sophisticated audience, his writing is readable through in-depth analysis, thereby creating work that is critically interesting and satisfying to the reader. In the analysis of the poem â€Å"O sweet spontaneous† cummings speaks of his love of Mother Earth, and he also displays his disdain of humanity. He writes that although humankind performs scientific research, pollutes the earth, and even tries to destroy her, she responds to the abuses with the greatest strength and gift of all, life. His poetic and linguistic techniques make this poem flow as it shapes the images that cummings wants the reader to mentally see and spiritually feel. Using poetic literary features of alliteration and assonance, and modifiers, cummings draws the reader a dark picture of humanity as he presents his unique view of the earth. The effect of numerous devices demonstrates his linguistic capability creating precision, invention, and deliberation. O sweet spontaneous offers two specific graphological features, the consistent use of the non-capital letters (common in cummings’ poetry), with the exception of the first letter - actually used as a word, and the olde English use. Cummings’ use of deep spacing between the stanzas and the indention of words do not necessarily bring a new par...

The Simple Guide to Effectively Describing The Setting of Your Story

The Simple Guide to Effectively Describing The Setting of Your Story How to Describe the Setting of a Story Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. One of the toughest nuts for any novelist to crack is where to start. How do I know? Well, two-thirds of my 192 published books are novels, so I’ve faced this dilemma nearly 130 times. Trust me, it doesn’t get easier. But there are common errors to avoid. I know because I’ve made them. And because I love asking agents and editors what mistakes they see in beginners’ manuscripts. Ready for the most common error? The apparent feeling that you must start by describing the setting of your story. Setting is important; don’t get me wrong. But we’ve all been sent napping by novels whose covers and titles promise to transport us, and yet begin with some variation of: The house sat in a deep wood surrounded by†¦ Gag. Pro tip: Readers have little patience for description. In fact, they often skip it to get to the action. If your main question is how to describe the setting, I have a simple answer: Don’t. But, you say, I have to establish where we are and set the scene, don’t I? Yes. Like any other reader, I like to get an immediate feel for where and when things take place. But we writers make a mistake when we make that- describing the setting- a separate element. If you do it at the beginning, you should do it for every scene in a different setting, right? Sorry, but that will quickly transport your reader from slumber to death. Well, you say, how do I set the scene without describing it? You don’t. But you make description part of the narrative, part of the story. It will become almost invisible, because mentions of what things look and feel and sound like will register in the theater of the readers’ minds, but they will be concentrating on the action, the dialogue, the tension and drama and conflict that keep them turning the pages. In the end they won’t remember how you worked in everything they needed to fully enjoy the experience. Consider these setting examples: Describing the setting of a story before starting the action: London in the 1860s was a cold, damp, foggy city crisscrossed with cobblestone streets and pedestrians carefully dodging the droppings of steeds that pulled all manner of public conveyance. One such pedestrian was Lucy Knight, a beautiful, young, unattached woman in a hurry to get to Piccadilly Circus. An eligible bachelor had asked her to meet him there†¦ I shouldn’t have to inform you that such an opening is all telling, no showing, and that the question of how to describe the setting has been answered, but not correctly. Describing the setting by layering it in tothe story: London’s West End, 1862 Lucy Knight mince-stepped around clumps of horse dung as she hurried toward Regent Street. Must not be late, she told herself. What would he think? She carefully navigated the cobblestones as she crossed to hail a Hansom Cab- which she preferred for its low center of gravity and smooth turning. Lucy did not want to appear as if she’s been tossed about in a carriage, especially tonight. â€Å"Not wearin’ a ring, I see,† the driver said as she boarded. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"Nice lookin’ lady like yourself out alone after dark in the cold fog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You needn’t worry about me, sir. I’m only going to the circus.† â€Å"Piccadilly it is, Ma’am.† First, the location tag, flush left before the first paragraph, saves us a lot of narration which can be used to let the story emerge. And yes, the second sample is longer, but that’s because we’re not telling, we’re showing. The reader learns everything about the character from the action and dialogue, rather than from just being told through description. So try the technique you’ve likely heard about since the day you decided to study writing: Show, Don’t Tell You’ll have to remind yourself of this daily for the rest of your life, but once you add it to your writing toolbelt, you’ll find it adds power to your prose and keeps your reader’s interest. The key, as you can see from the examples above, is to layer in your description. Maybe when Lucy meets her new gentleman friend, he grabs her and pulls her into an alley, saying, â€Å"Come here where no one will see us.† There she might scrape her knuckles against a brick wall and wish both hands were free so she could tighten her coat against the wind. Incorporating description that way- showing rather than telling- can alone revolutionize your novel. Apply This Setting Technique Immediately and see how it picks up the pace and adds power. It will force you to highlight only the most important details, triggering the theater of your reader’s mind. If it’s not important enough to become part of the action, your reader won’t miss it anyway. But you’ve read classic novelists who use description exactly the way I’m advising against. What gives? Two things: 1- If those novels were written before TV and movies (let alone smart phones), they were aimed at audiences who loved to take the time to settle in with a book for days at a time. 2- If those novels were written in our generation and still succeeded with that kind of writing, it’s because the author is a master. If you can write at that level, you can break all the rules you want. I can’t, so I’ll stick with what works for today’s readers. How about you? Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. Still confused about how to describe the setting of a story? Give me examples from your own work in the comments below.

Mini Research Report on Tutankhamun Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini Report on Tutankhamun - Research Paper Example esenamun with whom they had two stillborn daughters who died at 6 months and later at 9 months of pregnancy according to modern computations.1 However, even the modern research has not yet revealed the core reason of the deaths since there were no congenital anomalies found in the mummies. Given the young age of Tutankhamun at the time of ascending to the throne and his successes such victories over several ethnicities, it obvious that he had wise and string council among them Vizier Ay. Nonetheless, Tutankhamun made several noticeable changes during his reign marking a number of achievements under his name. For instanvce, during the third year of his reign he banned the worship of the god Aten restoring the god Amun contrary to his father’s reign. Moreover, the Capital was reverted to Thebes abandoning Akhetaten that had served as the main city during his father’s reign. It was this period that saw the establishment of the name Tutankhamun that means â€Å"Living image of Amun† whom he had restored as the god to worship. Additionally, he saw the development of Thebes marked by numerous buildings such as a temple for Amun and erection of several monuments mainly related to the gods. As a result of these advancements, traditional festivals such as those related to Apis Bull that had earlier been neglected were now celebrated across the territory. However, due the increased concentration on the god Amun other gods and goddesses were seemingly neglected leading to the belief that the land was under a curse. As such, the temples and the sanctuary were in ruins with some being seemingly abused due to use as roads and hence prayers to these gods and goddesses were not answered. This may be considered one of the greatest failures of Tutankhamun and it has received great critic especially from those against the worship of the god Amun. Nevertheless, Tutankhamun saw the improvement of the economic status of the country that had been strained during the reign of his

Company report about wooden chairs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Company report about wooden chairs - Essay Example taking care that there will not be any deficiency in the raw materials used by the company and, therefore, its continued progress in providing the required goods to the community. There should also be a great balance between the firm and organisation with the social, natural, and economic environments. Challenges do exist in the mentioned fields of interaction with the firm. The corporate governance and strategies of a business have a number of social responsibilities and have to follow the specified ethics. The future prospects and the bottom line of many industries and companies lie within the social and environmental issues surrounding the firm. The social and environmental issues can present opportunities that would be crucial for the future success of the business while at the same, time they could be a source of risk that can result to the failure of the business. The best environment for furniture such as wooden chairs depends largely on the priorities of the caretakers and the resources available. They function as an acting balance between them. Nothing perfect has ever been found for anything. However, there are conditions that are there that contribute towards more or less deterioration or else are the artefacts of preservation. However, the best balance within an organisation has its optimal point of the environment. An environment with a temperature of about forty degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of approximate 50 percent is conducive for furniture and wooden items. The other conditions relating to the well-processing and storage of wooden chairs is the provision of an optimal environment in terms of the dark anaerobic environment free from contact from other items and people. On the other hand, the term environment could also be used to mean the various working relations with the firm that in one way or the other affect the success of the firm (Nelson, 2008). It may be used to mean the market environment, the government relations with the

Positive relationships with children Essay Example for Free

Positive relationships with children Essay Develop positive relationships with children, young people and others involved in their care. 1.1 Explain why positive relationships with children and young people are important and how these are built and maintained. It is essential to build positive relationships with children and young people, as the quality of our relationships with children and young people will make a substantial difference to their behaviour, achievement and overall wellbeing. There are various different ways to encourage children to have positive relationships with practitioners and other professionals as well as other children. Positive relationships are built on trust, for young people trust means knowing someone believes in you and they feel they can confide in you in many different situations. 1.3 Evaluate own effectiveness in building relationships with children and young people. I would consider myself to be effective at building relationships with children and young people. I do this by: * Being a positive role model * Being consistent * Showing genuine interest * Valuing each individual efforts * By acknowledging and talking about feelings * Striving to build positive self esteem * Provide a safe place when things get too much * Having a positive attitude * Providing a positive atmosphere * Being approachable at all times * communicating effectively * sharing information but maintaining confidentiality with other staff * having positive eye contact * acknowledging negative and positive emotions * sharing positive strategies that have helped with other practitoners * acknowledging positive behaviour * maintaining confidentiality * matching resources /lesson to meet each childs needs * providing a friendly, secure environment * respecting all individual needs To maintain a positive relationship with children and young people, you have to show young people you are approachable. Communication skills are therefore influential. Showing children and young people positive behaviour is also vital as positive behaviour encourages young people to have positive attitudes, which include manners and respect. This means that practitioners must be consistent in their moods and behaviour so reactions are predicable. Showing children you are a good listener and you understand in all situations helps with their confidence, giving them praise and encouragement encourages children to be positive. Valuing each Childs achievement helps them to feel they can experiment, fail and not be criticised. This helps with children and young people’s self esteem. Children and young people who feel valued are more likely to have higher self esteem and it is clear ‘from research Weinberg (1978), that children who have high self esteem are more likely to fulfil their potential.’ Children and young people who have good relationships may find they can talk more openly. Further more children who feel someone believes in them are more likely to try harder. 2.1 Explain why positive relationships with people involved in the care of children and young people are important. It is crucial as the practitioner to build and maintain a strong positive relationship with children’s parents/carers. ‘As good relationships also benefit the quality of interaction between the setting and parents/carers.’ Where relationships are strong parents/carers are more likely to share information, make comments and take interest in what their Childs progressing at and support what areas of improvement maybe needed. This benefits children and young people enormously and helps practitioners to meet their Childs needs. Young people look at their parent’s reactions in order to decide whether or not to be apprehensive. Positive interaction (smiles, laughter) helps children settle in and feel relaxed. For staff and helpers positive relationships in settings mean that they can enjoy their work. Good relationships between staff are extremely important as during times of stress or difficulties other practitioners can share and support one another. Children and young people become aware of the atmosphere and relationships between working staff and model their own behaviour on the way in which you treat each other. Always respect others options. Everybody benefits from having positive relationships with others. Good positive relationships with parents/carers , colleagues and children are enormously important in early years settings as they benefit everybody especially children and young people .This is because positive relationships create a welcoming, confidential and secure atmosphere. Which helps with all round child development.

The Power And The Glory :: essays research papers

As countless people in a third world country fall to the ravages of poverty and disease, a single woman fights to make a difference. Living a spartan life, through conditions far from humane, she helps those who are poor, suffering and sick, with total disregard for her own personal comfort. One might say that this woman is a saint and for many she already is. Her selfless abandon to help those in need makes her virtuous to a heroic degree. Her name is Mother Theresa. By stark contrast, the whisky priest can hardly be classified as a saint. A saint is an individual remarkably free from human weaknesses. The whisky priest however, is the incarnate of human failings: a sinner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priests are respected members of their communities and should exemplify what it is to be a Christian. They are model citizens who practice the teachings of Christ and take on the responsibilities of their title. Under the circumstances of an anti-clerical purge in the southern states of Mexico, it is understandable that the whiskey priest is unable to perform all of his priestly duties for fear of his life. To survive, he must lie, cheat and steal to avoid the law. These tactics however, are not new to him. Even before the purge, he is a priest that is hardly good and honest. By requiring a fee for services such as baptism, at a price of two pesos a head, he is no better that the common thief. Families that can hardly put food on the table are asked to pay for a service that should be given, not sold. The fees for his services are most often directed to luxuries such as brandy, his personal favorite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a man whose calling is to serve the people, the whisky priest does nothing but serve himself. When the villagers ask the priest to hear their confessions, he unwillingly complies. He is compelled only by his sense of duty and angrily responds, 'Oh let them come. Let them all come, I am your servant.'; (p. 45) He begins to weep not for their sins, but in pity for himself. He does not perform his tasks graciously but feels that they are a chore imposed on him. A priest's duties are not to himself but to God and his neighbours. When the whisky priest prays, it is only for his daughter and no one else. The Power And The Glory :: essays research papers As countless people in a third world country fall to the ravages of poverty and disease, a single woman fights to make a difference. Living a spartan life, through conditions far from humane, she helps those who are poor, suffering and sick, with total disregard for her own personal comfort. One might say that this woman is a saint and for many she already is. Her selfless abandon to help those in need makes her virtuous to a heroic degree. Her name is Mother Theresa. By stark contrast, the whisky priest can hardly be classified as a saint. A saint is an individual remarkably free from human weaknesses. The whisky priest however, is the incarnate of human failings: a sinner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priests are respected members of their communities and should exemplify what it is to be a Christian. They are model citizens who practice the teachings of Christ and take on the responsibilities of their title. Under the circumstances of an anti-clerical purge in the southern states of Mexico, it is understandable that the whiskey priest is unable to perform all of his priestly duties for fear of his life. To survive, he must lie, cheat and steal to avoid the law. These tactics however, are not new to him. Even before the purge, he is a priest that is hardly good and honest. By requiring a fee for services such as baptism, at a price of two pesos a head, he is no better that the common thief. Families that can hardly put food on the table are asked to pay for a service that should be given, not sold. The fees for his services are most often directed to luxuries such as brandy, his personal favorite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a man whose calling is to serve the people, the whisky priest does nothing but serve himself. When the villagers ask the priest to hear their confessions, he unwillingly complies. He is compelled only by his sense of duty and angrily responds, 'Oh let them come. Let them all come, I am your servant.'; (p. 45) He begins to weep not for their sins, but in pity for himself. He does not perform his tasks graciously but feels that they are a chore imposed on him. A priest's duties are not to himself but to God and his neighbours. When the whisky priest prays, it is only for his daughter and no one else.

Sadada

Heineken Netherlands B. V. : Reengineering IS/IT To Enable Customer – Oriented Supply Chain Management In June 1993, Jan Janssen, financial manager of Heineken Nether lands B. V. and the person responsible for Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT), and his IS manager, Rob Pietersen, faced the challenge of developing an IS/IT configuration that would add value to the business and support the ongoing transformation of Heineken's supply chain management system.This system was extensive, not only supplying the Dutch home market, but also providing a significant part of the supply to more than 100 export countries served by the Heineken Group. Supply chain management central to enterprise-wide transformation. Management was committed to a process-driven organization, customer service partnerships, 24-hour delivery lead time, major innovations in the transport system, and resulting changes in the way people worked. And Janssen knew that all of these-and more-requi red fundamental changes in the way this new work was to be supported by information systems and technology.Janssen was convinced that the effective management of information as well as a more appropriate IT infrastructure were critical to achieving Heineken's goals of increased flexibility, greater coordination, and a sharper focus on customer needs. In his mind, the change program initiated in 1990 in the IS/IT area had just been the beginning. Now, he and Pietersen needed to design an information systems and technology backbone that would be flexible enough to evolve with the changing business needs and adapt to continuous changes in technology.HEINEKEN NETHERLANDS B. V. Heineken Netherlands B. V. was the principal operating company responsible for operations in Heineken's home market. It also accounted for a significant part of Heineken N. V. ‘s worldwide exports. Of the 60. 4 million hectoliters' of beer produced worldwide under the supervision of the Heineken Group in 199 4, a significant portion was produced in the company's two Dutch breweries- Zoeterwoude and `s-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch).Likewise, 11 percent of the Heineken Group's sales took place in the domestic market, and more than 5400 employees worked for Heineken Netherlands. Supply Chain Management The supply chain at Heineken Netherlands began with the receipt of the raw materials that went into the brewing process, and continued through packaging, distribution, and delivery. Brewing took six weeks; it began with the malt mixture of barley and ended with the filtering of the beer after fermentation.Depending on the distribution channel, the beer was then packaged in â€Å"one-way† or returnable bottles or cans of different sizes and labels, put in kegs, or delivered in bulk. The variety of outlets meant that the company had to manage differences in response time (beer for the domestic market was produced to stock, while exported beer was produced to order) and three distinct distri bution channels. While each channel consisted mainly of the same steps from the receipt of raw materials through brewing, they differed greatly in packaging and distribution.Beer could be distributed to either on-premise outlets (hotels, restaurants, and cafes, where it was delivered in kegs or poured directly into cellar beer tanks), off-premise outlets (supermarkets, grocery and liquor stores, where it was sold in a variety of bottle and package sizes for home consumption), or to export markets (export deliveries were made to order). Ongoing Transformation With key customers requesting faster response times, the development of a process-driven view of Heineken's supply chain activities became critical.The company started the transformation of its supply chain management system by creating customer-service partnerships with its largest domestic customers. The overall objective was to improve the logistics chain dramatically for these customers. In response, delivery lead times were reduced and the transport system was changed. However, the supply chain transformation was seen as a never-ending process. New Customer-Service Partnerships In these new service partnerships, Heineken was requested to reduce the time from the placement of the product order to the actual delivery.Before, this delivery lead time had been three days, but the supermarket chains wanted Heineken to supply their warehouses in the Netherlands in 24 hours. Each of the warehouses carried only 8 hours of stock at any time, so the supermarket chains depended on quick and flexible delivery to maintain low inventories and fast response times. To further enhance its close cooperation with customers, Heineken had embarked on a pilot test of a new logistics improvement called â€Å"Comakership† with Albert Heijn, the largest supermarket chain in the Netherlands.Comakership was part of Albert Heijn's Efficient Customer Response project, â€Å"Today for Tomorrow. † The Albert Heijn reta il stores sent their sales information as scanning data to the computer in their central head office. There, the data for Heineken products were scanned out and separated. The beer sales information was then relayed via a standard EDI system (provided by a value-added network operator) from the central office of Albert Heijn directly to Heineken's Zoeterwoude brewery. Heineken was usually able to deliver within 18 hours.Although the pilot had been initiated in only one of Albert Heijn's distribution centers (and the set of stores it served), it had already resulted in lower lead times, decreased costs, and less complexity in the distribution system. Moving to a 24-Hour Delivery Lead Tinge As a result of these successes, top management concluded that delivery lead time could be cut to 24 hours for most domestic customers. However, it would require major shifts in the company's stock levels, distribution centers, work organization, transport system, organizational structure, and infor mation systems.The 24-hour lead time allowed for greater stock turnover and for lower stock levels in the customer distribution centers. There was, however, more interdepot traffic and higher stocks of packaging material (â€Å"returnables†) on the brewery premises (which had been located elsewhere along the supply chain). But management believed that as less total inventory was held in the system, these packaging material stocks might be reduced over time. New Transport System Until 1991, Heineken Netherlands had contracted out the transportation of its products from the two breweries to about 50 transporters.All of them used a lorry-trailer system with â€Å"dedicated† drivers-a driver and his â€Å"truck† could make an average of 2. 1 deliveries per day. To meet the 24-hour lead time, Heineken had to completely change the fleet used for transport and reduce the number of transporters from 50 to 10. Heineken then contracted 4 cabin trucks from each transporter (40 cabin trucks in total) and paid them for the use of the trailers. The ability of the driver to move from one trailer to another without waiting for unloading meant that he could make an average of 2. deliveries per day (a cost reduction of approximately G1. 5 million ). New Information Management (IM) Needs Heineken's customer-service partnership with Albert Heijn and the other changes Heineken had implemented in its supply chain activities brought new information requirements to support the more stringent delivery dictates. With the pilot testing of the Comakership logistics improvement, Heineken needed to implement systems which could manage this new transfer of information, and make appropriate modifications in work activities and organizational structure.Furthermore, the new IS/IT infrastructure needed to be flexible enough to handle and reflect individual retailer and customer beer purchasing patterns. In the context of these changes in supply chain activities, Janssen ref lected on the beginnings of the transformation of IS/IT: The transformation of IS/IT and the shifts occurring in our supply chain activities were concurrent without causality. That is very strange, but it just happened that way. I can't say to you that it is a â€Å"chicken and egg† kind of story. Of course, there was a link but not an explicit one. Somewhere in our minds, when you do one you do the other, too.Jansen knew that the relationship between information management, information systems, and information technology had to be clearly defined to have optimum support for the new approaches to value creation. Information management focused on supporting customers and creating new â€Å"bundles of goods and services. † Information systems focused on developing applications software, managing data, and supporting the new business processes. Finally, information technology related primarily to data and text services, and the underlying operating systems, interfaces, ha rdware, and networks.PHASE l: RECOGNIZING THE NEED FOR CHANGE In July 1989, at the beginning of all the changes at Heineken, Janssen (then at headquarters and responsible for IS/IT worldwide) received a request for a second mainframe at Heineken Netherlands, costing G6 million (with another G6 million required in three to four years); Janssen brought in the consulting firm Nolan, Norton, Inc. to evaluate the IS/IT infrastructure, first at the corporate level and then at the operating company level for Heineken Netherlands: A proposal to purchase a second mainframe focused everybody on our IS/IT infrastructure.You have to have some kind of crisis to get people thinking. IS/IT Benchmarking Nolan, Norton, Inc. benchmarked Heineken's IS/IT cost structure against the beverage industry IS/IT average and it was clear that Heineken was indeed not competitive-the company was spending twice the money for half the functionality. â€Å"The Nolan, Norton report confirmed what a very wide group of the users thought,† Janssen commented. In response, management recommended decentralizing the data center and having each business area manage its own computing resources.At the same time, Janssen asked Heineken Netherlands, the largest operating company, to develop a new IS/IT plan based on new computer technology, â€Å"which meant looking for mid-range platforms, decentralized computing, and standard software packages, rather than developing customized programs for every new application-previously the standard practice. † Before determining an appropriate IS/IT plan, Janssen made sure that information management scans were conducted in every functional area. Managers were asked, â€Å"What do you need and how can that used to create information plans.Working with KPMG Management Consultants and Nolan, Norton, Inc. , Janssen developed a list of priorities for IS/IT and selected a new IT platform (IBM AS/400)-both were accepted in July 1990: The AS/400 became the c ore of our new IT platform for two reasons: first, we had been a client with IBM for roughly 40 years, and it was not their fault that we used their mainframes in the wrong way; second, we already knew that huge masses of application software were being written for the AS/400, as a quick scan easily confirmed.Furthermore, we were starting to think about an appropriate IT architecture and we were considering the possibility of using personal computers as peripherals linked together through local area and wide area networks. Implementation of the New IS/IT Plan Before the end of 1990, Janssen was appointed financial manager. He became the person responsible for IS/IT at Heineken Netherlands and was to oversee the implementation of the new IS/IT plan. Janssen concluded that outsourcing would play a critical role in this process: The decision to outsource was part of the plan.When we came to the conclusion that a major change was necessary, that we should look for midrange computers, th at we should go for standard software, that we should not go for dumb terminals but for personal computers as peripherals, it became clear to us that this was a big operation and we could not evolve to it. We could not manage just to keep the old systems in the air with all the problems and have enough management attention for building up the new systems. So we told the organization, â€Å"Gentlemen, we are going to outsourcers, and we are going to freeze the applications to free up management time. PHASE 3: OUTSOURCING TO DEVELOP THE NEW IS/IT INFRASTRUCTURE Outsourcing enabled the IS group to keep the â€Å"old† mainframe applications running while it developed a new IT approach-focusing on the development of its client/server distributed processing infrastructure, the appropriate new IT architecture, and the IS people and skills to achieve these new objectives. Outsourcing In 1991, after scanning the outsourcers' market, Janssen chose Electronic Data Systems (EDS), the la rgest provider of computer services in the United States.EDS provided the expertise and infrastructure required to meet Heineken's information systems and technology needs, and career possibilities for Heineken's mainframe personnel, both vital to the successful transformation of its IS/IT infrastructure. Finally, the five-year contract (with declining involvement each year) provided â€Å"guaranteed continuity† while Heineken maintained control. The plan indicated that the last mainframe program would be replaced in 1996 and the contract with EDS would end. Development of the New IT Architecture The development of the new IT architecture took place almost concurrently:We moved in two directions-one, to outsource our operational concerns, and two, to focus on our new architecture development, eventually replacing everything which was on the mainframe with standard packages on AS/400s. With the decision to downsize-to move off the mainframe platform-and to decentralize the inf ormation management and systems, Janssen chose a comprehensive client/server strategy using a combination of workstations, local and wide area networks, mid-range systems such as AS/400s, and local area servers to complete the technology architecture. (Refer to Figure 1 for Heineken’s IT architecture. â€Å"Personal computers† became â€Å"Heineken workstations† to eliminate the confusion and â€Å"mess† of having 2000 â€Å"personal† workstations-in this way, every workstation had the same setup. Furthermore, the sales force began using â€Å"Notebooks† for customer sensing and information sharing. Changing Over to Standard Packages and Developing Greater Flexibility to Serve the Business In 1993, Rob Pietersen became IS manager at Heineken Netherlands. He believed that the decentralized IS/IT operations gave more â€Å"computer power to the people,† and enabled the â€Å"user† to become the process owner.Old mainframe program s were replaced with new standard application packages that covered all the functions in the supply chain. Heineken started this â€Å"changeover† by focusing on the software applications dealing with clients: order entry, delivery, transport, invoicing, and accounts receivable. Selecting Standard Software Packages To increase flexibility and customer responsiveness, Pietersen knew that Heineken had to shift from the â€Å"waterfall approach† to the development of standard software packages: At that time in the mainframe orld, we were developing software applications using a methodology often referred to as the â€Å"waterfall. † You started with a requirements definition from the users, developed a design and the code to implement that design (getting signoffs at each point along the way). You put the code in production, tested the code, released the code into operation and then you maintained it. When you adopted the code, you went back to the users and asked them if this was what they wanted, and often they said â€Å"What? This waterfall process took 18 to 36 months or more, and by the time it was completed, the users' requirements often had changed. Pietersen began using the PILS (Project Integral Logistics) – named after the successful approach developed to select appropriate logistics software – to test and select standard software packages (refer to Figure 2). The PILS approach involved: Oidentifying appropriate software packages; Osetting the top two package vendors against one another in a â€Å"shoot-out† as in the American â€Å"Wild West†-where the specific elements of each software package were compared and contrasted;O implementing it; O evaluating its performance. For IS people, this meant moving from COBOL programming to developing a thorough knowledge of the business. Pietersen chose PRISM for the logistics area and J D Edwards for the financial area. Pietersen found that the new systems and p olicies better fit the information needs of the company: We needed more flexibility, more power, and less cost. Our current systems have scored high in each of those areas. Computer power is now where it belongs: not with the IT people, but in the hands of the people who need it. IS Group ReconfigurationOutsourcing the mainframe and mainframe applications to EDS led to a change in the configuration of the IS group as well. Contracts with employees from software houses were stopped, and many of the individuals working on the mainframe went with the mainframe systems to EDS while other staff shifted to other areas of the IS group, such as systems management. Pietersen was convinced that the competencies and capabilities of the IS group had to be expanded to align the use of IT with the evolving supply chain, rather than simply promoting IT solutions as â€Å"answers† to the company's information management â€Å"problems. Pietersen understood that this change in approach for t he IS group required not only a deeper knowledge of business processes and strategy, but also an understanding of how people used the information. Pietersen therefore transformed the IS department from units for application development, customer support, and operations (a functional structure) to teams solution, and customer-service areas-the â€Å"process owners† (a team-oriented business approach). (Refer to Figures 3 and 4 for the IS organization before and after 1993. The information management needs of the business areas were thus defined by people from both the business areas and IS. These account teams helped select standard application packages and, afterwards, adapt the business process to the software package or adapt the software package to the business process. These teams thus developed and implemented systems that gave the required support for the respective business processes and delivered information to enable a better control of the supply chain. Shrinking fr om 130 to 40 people, the IS group was now â€Å"doing what they had been doing differently. Pietersen and Janssen believed that increasing overall access to information would support management's efforts to enhance the employees' empowerment. Client/server systems also fostered teamwork and horizontal decision making. They were fast, flexible, and permitted greater communication with customers and suppliers, which resulted in improved customer service. And they promoted the development of a â€Å"process view† (focusing on total processes rather than on discrete tasks). Furthermore, the new configuration of the IS group, with its more team-oriented business approach, also promoted a spirit of greater cooperation and communication.Pietersen commented, â€Å"If we still had the mainframe, all this would not be possible. † Evaluating IS Performance In 1995, Pietersen and Janssen were still trying to determine how to measure the performance of the IS/IT department. They a greed that IS/IT needed to serve the business, and different service level Agreements were to be negotiated with the different functional areas (as shown in Figure 5): What is our business? Is it information technology? No, our business is brewing and selling premium beer of high quality.We changed our IT policy to make it clear that IT supports the business, but doesn't drive the business. We started to focus on having a beautiful bottom line rather than beautiful IT applications. IS performance then became based on the timely and successful completion of projects. The most important measure was the improvement of the business process for which a system or service was meant. In the future, Pietersen and Janssen would be trying to develop criteria to measure the impact of an IS project on improving overall business performance.INFORMATION ASSETS IN THE BUSINESS Executive Information Systems (EIS) By 1995, Heineken's operational supply chain system-from supplier to end customer-was i n its final phase, and the company had begun to add the decision support element. Decision-support or executive information systems would make it possible for managers to express their information requirements directly. Pietersen hoped that their ease of use would encourage managers to analyze past performance in greater depth and enable them to simulate the possible consequences of proposed actions more accurately.When it came to selecting the appropriate software, Pietersen had chosen EIS Express: I call it the technical infrastructure; the basic logical infrastructure of all these systems is in place, and now we come to enabling real improvement, not just the EDI links we have with our retailers, but also such things as installing executive information systems (EIS) to give our management team the control instruments they need to navigate us through the more turbulent business environments we will face in the coming years.The executive information systems gather their data from t he data warehouses of the different business systems in all areas and can show this easily through different (graphical) viewpoints. One of Janssen and Pietersen's goals for the use of executive information systems was to have unity in the data. Janssen explained: Having unity in our data is crucial. Only a few years ago we discovered some departments were using different unit volumes than we were. And that just should not happen in any organization. Better Planning ToolsA key part of the IS/IT strategy was to develop an integrated set of systems to plan and control the overall supply chain, both in the short run (bottle-line scheduling and daily operations) and over a longer horizon (sales forecasts and long-term operations research). The aim was faster and more flexible control of supply chain activities. Jan Janssen elaborated: What we are working toward is a coherent and consistent set of planning and scheduling tools which are more or less compatible and interconnectible so tha t you can build up or build down the basic data.Our goal is to be able to model business processes and to have the data, like sales forecasts, to support our decisions about capacity, bottling lines, and stocks. We want to be in a position where, if you have to make a decision, you can run simulations based on actual data. The concept of supply chain management ultimately served as the driver for to optimize the supply chain activities as well as to ensure better information management. (Refer to Figure 6 for Heineken's information systems. )Janssen and Pietersen had put in place information systems to collect and integrate information on Heineken's â€Å"on-premise† customer activity. Information on each hotel, restaurant, and cafe/pub that Heineken Netherlands had contact with (as owner, financing agent, or product supplier) was included in these systems. In this way, Heineken Netherlands was able to provide the relevant sales force with an integrated view of their customer s (large or small) as well as with information on competitors catering to the same establishments, beer sold, and contract terms. Janssen elaborated:We are thinking about what the â€Å"next stage of the rocket† will be. We have defined the baseline and are looking at workflow, EDI and planning information systems-how should these planning systems interrelate? We are in the process of defining the next phase of the vision for Heineken as a business in the Netherlands and for the IS/IT fit to that. The current debate is just how far to go. This case is a condensed version of Heineken Netherlands B. V. A&B. It was prepared by Research Associate Kimberly A. Bechler under the supervision of Professors Donald A. Marchand and Thomas E.Vollmann, as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. The names of the Heineken managers involved have been disguised. It was developed within the research scope of Manufa cturing 2000, a research and development project conducted with global manufacturing enterprises. The authors wish to acknowledge the generous assistance of Heineken management, especially IS manager Gert Bolderman. Copyright @ 1996 by IMD- Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland. Not to be used or reproduced without written permission directly from IMD.CASE STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Analyze Heineken Netherlands using the value chain and competitive forces models. Why did the company feel it needed to transform its supply chain? 2. Analyze all the elements of the new IT infrastructure that Heineken selected for its new business processes. Were Heineken's technology choices appropriate? Why or why not? 3. What management, organization, and technology issues had to be addressed when Heineken Netherlands reengineering its supply chain? ‘Hectolitre = 22 Imperial gallons = 26. 418 U. S. gallons; Heineken 1994 Annual Report. 21000 Guilders (G) = approximately ? 368 = U. S. $575 (at December 31,

Cultural Competency of Nursing Essay

As nurses, we not only need to understand cultural competence, but we also have to be sure not to generalize groups of people. Each client is an individual, and it is important to form a therapeutic relationship so we can care for each specific client. Each client has his/her own needs; just because two people are of the same culture, it doesn’t mean that he/she believes in the same thing. In turn, nurses need to understand their own culture and beliefs before caring for a person of a different culture or beliefs. In our research, we chose four peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles found though the Lambton College data base (CINAHL). We began with a search of cultural competency and then narrowed the search down through specific cultures which are within the Sarnia Lambton area. Understanding Cultures There are many different cultures throughout Canada; nurses need to be aware of the different practices and beliefs of various cultures. The dominant cultures we find in Sarnia-Lambton are Native American, East Indian and Chinese. Native American Traditional Native Americans place great value on family and spiritual beliefs. They believe that a state of health is an existence, and it is in existence when they are in complete balance with nature. They view illness as a disparity between the ill person and nature or the unearthly. â€Å"Death is a journey to another world, and the spirit never dies† (Plain, 2014). When mourning the dead it is the custom not to speak about them. â€Å"Communication is seen as stopping the dead from travelling to the next world† (Groot – Alberts, 2012, p. 160). East Indian The Muslim culture has a strong spiritual belief: Both life and death are under the control of God. When an ill Muslim patient sees a physician, he/she only want to know the diagnosis; he/she does not want to know any time frames, since life is an act of. In death, Muslim culture is based on reducing the patient’s pain and suffering. Nurses need to allow time for families to pray when working with Muslim patients as they have strong beliefs in religion and a nurse must never try to push their own beliefs on a patient (Saccomano & Abbatiello, 2014, p. 31). Chinese Traditional Chinese culture is unlike Canadian culture: Talking about death or illness is considered a taboo. They do not talk to their healthcare provider about death, because talking about death or illness insinuates that it is going to happen. Instead, they keep silent about it to relieve stress and give hope to the person. Generally, it is the male family member that makes decisions on behalf of the person (Saccomano & Abbatiello, 2014, p.31). Understanding the Client Nurses cannot generalize groups of people; every client is an individual and has the right to be treated as one. It is important to form a good communication to build a relationship between the patient and the nurse. This enables the patient to contribute to their care and the allows the nurse to provide the best care possible. â€Å"It is extremely important to educate, involve the patient, incorporate the family and utilize traditions and beliefs, using effective communication and culture safety mechanisms† (McCracken, 2014, p. 28). â€Å"A nurse must communicate with patients about how he/she would like care performed on him/her and the nurse’s goal is to ensure the patient feels empowered and unique† (McCracken, 2014, p. 28). The patient indicates what is suitable and important for them. At times print materials or non-verbal communication may be more constructive. Conclusion Canada is a diverse, multi-cultural country and the provision of culturally competent care by nurses is important aspect of their practice. Every culture regards health differently depending on their practices and beliefs.  Nurses must examine their own beliefs and prejudices as well as respect and have an awareness of other cultures. â€Å"In delivering nursing care we must allow effective interactions and the development of appropriate responses to persons from diverse cultures, races, and ethnic backgrounds† (Masteral, 2014). Today’s nurses must have cultural awareness in themselves and cultural knowledge of others. References Groot-Alberts, L. (2012). The lament of a broken heart: mourning and grieving in different cultures. Progress in Palliative Care, 20(3), 158-162. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com McCracken, D. (2014). Nursing in a bicultural society. Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 20(1), 28-29. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Mcgee, P., & Johnson, M. (2014). Developing cultural competence in palliative care. British Journal of Community Nursing, 19(2), 91-93. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Saccomano, S., & Abbatiello, G. (2014). Cultural considerations at the end of life. The Nurse Practitioner. 39(2), 24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000441908.16901.2e Zager, S., & Yancy, M. (2011). A call to improve practice concerning cultural sensitivity in advance directives: A review of the literature. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. doi: 10.111/j.1741-6787.2011.00222.x Masteral, L., (2013) Multicultural Health Care Setting. Retrieved from http://www.studymode.com.html

SAT Literature Subject Test Information

SAT Literature Subject Test Information    When some people hear the word, Literature, they cringe out of habit. Literature makes things like movies, magazines, books and plays – stuff you actually want to enjoy – seem stuffy or out of date. But, if youll remember that the term is just a fancy way of saying, entertainment it wont be so daunting when its time to be tested on something like the SAT Literature Subject Test. Note: The SAT Literature Subject Test is not part of the SAT Reasoning Test, the popular college admissions exam. Its one of the many SAT Subject Tests, which are also offered by the College Board. SAT Literature Subject Test Basics So, what should you expect when you register for this SAT Subject Test? Here are the basics: 60 minutes60 multiple-choice questions based on 6 to 8 different literary passages200-800 points possible SAT Literature Subject Test Passages The SAT Literature Subject Test is very narrow in its scope. Remember, this is a Literature test, not a reading test, which is quite different. You will not be reading nonfiction like excerpts from memoirs, passages from biographies or samples from textbook. Nope! These six to eight passages of literature excerpts will look like this: The Genres: Approximately 3-4 of the passages will be prose (excerpts from novels, short stories, and essays).Approximately 3-4 of the passages will be poetry (either complete or shortened if the poem is long).Approximately 0-1 of the passages could be drama or other forms of literature (legends, fables, myths, etc.). The Sources: Approximately 3-4 of the passages will come from American Literature.Approximately 3-4 of the passages will come from British Literature.Approximately 0-1 of the passages could come from literature from other countries. (Indian, Caribbean, and Canadian excerpts have been used in the past.) The Age of the Passages: 30% of the passages will come from the Renaissance or 17th century.30% of the passages will come from the 18th or 19th century.40% of the passages will come from the 20th century. SAT Literature Subject Test Skills Since this is a Literature test, and not merely your average reading exam, youll be required to do a lot of analytical thinking about the passages youre reading. Youll also be expected to understand the basics about literature, itself. Heres what you should brush up on: Common Literary and Poetic TermsNarrators and Authors ToneMeaning and Vocabulary in Context Word Choice, Imagery, MetaphorThemeCharacterizationBasic Plot Structures Why Take the SAT Literature Subject Test? In some cases, it wont be a matter of choice; youll have to take the SAT Literature Subject Test based on the requirements of the program in which youre choosing to apply. You must check with your programs requirements to see if youre one of the lucky applicants that must sit for the test. If a particular program doesnt require the test, then some people choose to take the exam to show off their skills if theyre masters in Literature. It can really give your application score a boost if your SAT Lit score is through the roof. How to Prepare for the SAT Literature Subject Test Mostly, if youve done really well in your 3-4 years of Literature-based classes in high school, love to read outside of class, and can usually understand and analyze whats going on in various literary passages, you should do just fine on this exam. For those of you who have to take the test and Literature isnt your strongest suit, then Id definitely recommend hitting up your English teacher for some extra assignments to help you get better at analyzing the material. Good Luck!

Learn the French Conjugations for Présenter (to Present)

Learn the French Conjugations for Prà ©senter (to Present) The French verb  prà ©senter  means to introduce or to present. While its easy enough to remember because its similar to the English, you will still need to conjugate it to say presented or introducing. The good news is that this is a regular verb and a brief lesson will introduce you to its most important conjugations.   The Basic Conjugations of  Prà ©senter French verb conjugations tend to worry French students because you have so many words to memorize. Where English gives us only a few verb forms for the present, future, and past tenses, French gives us a new word for each subject pronoun within each tense. However, with a word like  prà ©senter, which  is a  regular -er verb, the conjugations are just a little easier. Thats because it follows the most common conjugation pattern found in the French language. If youve studied a few verbs already, the endings you see here should look familiar. The indicative verb mood is the most common and it includes the basic tenses youll need for most conversations. Using the chart, you can find the appropriate conjugation that corresponds to the subject and the tense of your sentence. As an example,  je prà ©sente  means I am presenting while  nous prà ©sentions  means we introduced. Present Future Imperfect je prsente prsenterai prsentais tu prsentes prsenteras prsentais il prsente prsentera prsentait nous prsentons prsenterons prsentions vous prsentez prsenterez prsentiez ils prsentent prsenteront prsentaient The Present Participle of  Prà ©senter For regular verbs, forming the  present participle  is simple. Just add  -ant  to the verb stem and you have the word  prà ©sentant. Prà ©senter  in the Compound Past Tense While you can use the imperfect for the past tense, you may find the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  easier to remember. This is a compound that requires the  past participle  prà ©sentà ©, which tells us that the act of introducing has already happened. The only conjugation you need to worry about here is transforming  the auxiliary verb  avoir  into the present tense. Youll then follow that with  prà ©sentà ©. For example, I introduced is  jai prà ©sentà ©Ã‚  and we introduced is  nous avons prà ©sentà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Prà ©senter While the forms of  prà ©senter  above should be your focus at first, there are a few more simple conjugations you may need at times. For example,  the subjunctive  is helpful when you need to question the act of introducing and  the conditional  is used when its dependent on something else. Both  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary forms and typically only found in written French. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je prsente prsenterais prsentai prsentasse tu prsentes prsenterais prsentas prsentasses il prsente prsenterait prsenta prsentt nous prsentions prsenterions prsentmes prsentassions vous prsentiez prsenteriez prsenttes prsentassiez ils prsentent prsenteraient prsentrent prsentassent You may not need  the imperative  for a verb like  prà ©senter  often, but its good to know that when you do use it the subject pronoun is not required. Imperative (tu) prsente (nous) prsentons (vous) prsentez

The purpose of the Reflective Paper is for you to culminate the Essay

The purpose of the Reflective Paper is for you to culminate the learning achieved in the course by describing your understanding and application of knowledge in the field of human resource management - Essay Example Additionally, it is the duty of the human resource management to promote employee satisfaction, personal development, as well as complying with laws that are related to employment. The following are the tasks that the human resource management team should indulge themselves in. One of the main tasks that the human resource manager is given is hiring. Finding a suitable person to take up the position that a human resource manager intents to be filled is a very hard task to do. If the human resource management intends to hire the most suitable candidate for the job, the first step to take is to analyze the terms of the job. Analyzing the terms of the jobs include understanding the skills and knowledge acquired for the job, understanding how the job works and the typical settings of the work (Walker,1998). After the human resource management has analyzed what the job entails, the next step that is required is writing down the job descriptions. Writing the job descriptions entails writing the minimum requirements of the job. The first step to do is to provide a simple and short synopsis of what the job entails. The next step is to write down the duties. In writing down the duties, the human resource management should divide the tasks into minor sub duties of the job requirement. The final thing to do is to write the degree of supervision entailed. This includes whether supervision is given or received. The technique used in recruiting should be able to attract a large pool of people. This will enable the human resource management to find the perfect candidate for the job. The current employees provide a suitable candidate for the job since they know the rules and the regulations of the job. This should be done through internal posting of the job perhaps through the notice job. The next step is usually to screen the right candidate through their application and resumes.

Generation X,Y, etc age groups--working with them--pros & cons Term Paper

Generation X,Y, etc age groups--working with them--pros & cons - Term Paper Example This study is being undertaken in order to establish a comprehensive understanding of the nursing practice and the advantages and disadvantages of these nursing issues in the delivery of health services. Working with older and younger nurses or the generation X and the generation Y or the millennial generation can be advantageous to the nursing practice. For one, working with older nurses is advantageous because older nurses have a wealth of experience and training which is unparalleled by any other generation. Their years of working as nurses has made them adept in their duties and has given them sharper instincts in the administration of appropriate care for their patients (Hinshaw & O’Grady, 2010). There is a more instinctual and intuitive process involved in the nursing process applied by older nurses. As described by Benner (as cited by Nies & McEwen, 2001, p. 779), intuitive abilities are â€Å"responses that expert nurses have after several years of experience and these abilities enable the nurse to read between the lines†. This intuition serves older nurses well and ultimately helps to ensure better patient outcomes. Older nurses, as compared to their younger counterparts, seem to exemplify more dedication to their career as nurses. Observations made on the work ethics of older nurses reveal how these nurses possess qualities which are not apparent among younger nurses, more particularly, the qualities of courtesy and commitment (Watson, Manthorpe, & Andrews, 2003). Moreover, many employers have taken up the practice of retaining more of their older nurses because they are generally â€Å"more polite, they are more committed†¦and they turn up to work every day† (Watson, Manthorpe, & Andrews, 2003, p. 22). And with this commitment and courtesy, the patients often feel more at ease with these older nurses. Sherman (2006) also described the older generation of

Public Memory and Commemoration, Roadside Memorials Annotated Bibliography

Public Memory and Commemoration, Roadside Memorials - Annotated Bibliography Example This article talks about the efforts to police the installation of road memorials. The discussion is brief but it is able to present clearly the two sides of the debate. The Gympie Regional Council, in particular, is ambivalent in its position in the debate. Although proposing to eliminate the roadside memorials that have burgeoned at the sites of different vehicular accidents the Council seems to excuse these roadside memorials as well. Hence, the councilors attempted to put into effect the statute prohibiting the roadside memorials, but simultaneously it will allow flowers or crosses provided that they are looked after and do not cause road dangers. This article demonstrates that the banning of roadside memorials is not an easy decision to make. This article presents a comprehensive discussion of the several factors that contribute to the hazards of roadside memorials for motorists. Some of the identified factors are visibility and environmental conditions. The author depicts how governmental organizations, like the National Fire Protection Association’s Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, try to lessen the accidents caused by roadside memorials by obliging ambulances and fire trucks in the United States to put signs in different sites and retroreflective markings. This article is relevant to the currently study due to its overarching premise that issues of roadside safety are complicated. Roadside memorials may be one of the reasons for these vehicular accidents but there are other factors to take into account. This article could be use to support the arguments for keeping roadside memorials. This book describes the symbolic sites of the ‘informal’ roadside memorials that have begun to emerge recently, marking rural, suburban, and metropolitan sceneries. Roadside memorials, according to the author, are usually considered as ‘spur-of-the-moment’ occurrence. Nevertheless,

Piracy at sea, past and present

Piracy at sea, past and present Summary The purpose of this report is to educate readers of the piracy at sea comparing piracy in the past and present. The earliest record of piracy at sea was in the year 69 in the Mediterranean Sea, however piracy is suspected to have dated back to the time where humans started using the sea as their trade routes the exact date is not known. The Medias used to gather and compile to put this report together was mainly found on search engines like Google or yahoo and online encyclopaedias also contributed, minimal information was taken from newspaper articles. The history of piracy, infamous pirates, background of pirates and also modern day pirates are just a few of the points on piracy that will be covered in this report. The act of piracy is mainly carried out for gold or money that the pirates will demand for certain goods that they have taken from a ship or the entire ship itself. The only punishment for pirates in the past was hanging if they were caught however the navy was occasiona lly called in to capture these pirates and in some cases large numbers of pirates were wiped out. The creator of the Jolly Roger was by 18th century pirate Captain Jack Calico Rackham. The bodies of the hanged pirates were sometimes left alone to scare the civilians preventing them from wanting to become pirates to avoid the grisly fate of death by hanging. There are numerous causes for the unusually large number of pirates in Somalia however the same cannot be said for pirates in other parts of the world as the government lacking Somalia can do little to prevent ships from other countries from overfishing and dumping of toxic waste in their waters destroying their marine life. In the past wooden ships with sails and occasionally oars were used by pirates and a reinforced hull would often be added to ram ships. Modern day pirates however use small speed boats that are able to chase down large tankers on shipping lanes and they are also equipped with semi-automatic rifles. Some shipp ing companies have equipped their ships with radar and a sonic weapon that creates a high frequency sound wave bursting the ear drums of pirates preventing from hijacking vessels, the radar helps to locate nearby vessels that are unknown allowing the captain to steer the ship away from them before they are spotted. Some companies also reroute their ships to take a longer more expensive routes in order to avoid places like Somalia where there are many pirates. The only thing that is being done by government is the prosecution of anyone who commits an act of piracy. I do not agree with this as in my opinion the root of the problem should be first addressed before the secondary one can be overcome. For example the root of the problem of piracy in Somalia would be the lack of government so that should be solved first however nothing is done to solve it. Pirates have long been used in Medias such as the movies and television where the pirates are portrayed as people who wear the same thi ng all the time and carry weapons. The media also show pirates with weird accents and they use weird combination of words that will be later revealed in shows or books what they mean. 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose This report will be used to educate people and allow them to further understand piracy at sea and to allow introduction of certain methods that could be used to prevent piracy, precautions that can be taken by both the government and the shipping industry. It will consist of the definition, the causes, history of piracy at sea to date and also statistics on the subject. 1.2 Background Piracy dates back to the time when people started using the sea as trade routes. It is an act of robbing or cause violence to the sailors on another vessel. Piracy can occur on shore or at sea, the numerous definitions of modern day piracy includes kidnapping where one holds a prisoner for ransom. Seizing of valuable items carried on the ship while on route to a port for example oil, cars, weapons. The sinking of ships is also considered an act of piracy. 1.3 Method of Research Most of the information in this report was attained by collecting information from multiple online databases and compiling them. Other sources include newspaper articles also biographies of hostages and pirates that decided to pen down their experiences, documentaries also contributed to the production of this report as many interviews were done on both pirates and their victims. 1.4 Scope of Research This report will mainly cover the history of pirates and their origins, well known pirates and the things they did to become infamous, pirates in present day their causes and ways to help or prevent them from successfully commandeering ships and kidnapping hostages for ransom. 2.1 Early beginnings The oldest records tell us that the earliest known pirate went by the name of Anicetus born in Rome and died in Georgia. He was a captain in the Mediterranean Sea during the year 69. However it is believed that piracy started from as early as when men started using oceans as trade routes. 2.2 Aims The main aims of pirates are believed to plunder and loot from other vessels or kidnapping for ransoms. Most pirates truly had to resort to piracy in order to survive while some did it for the adrenaline rush or an act of rebellion. 2.3 Steps taken in the past Capture of pirates for bounty was common in the past as it was used as a way to discourage them from continuing in their line of work. That tactic hardly worked and some nations raised fleets in order to fight back against the pirates and provide some security on trade routes where pirates are known to roam. 2.4 Infamous Pirates The 18th century pirate Calico Jack Rackham was famous for the use of the Jolly Roger which become a symbol for pirates and is still used in entertainment purposes. The Vikings were also made famous by story books and films that portrayed them as pirates with round shields that wielded axes and wore their infamous helmets with antlers or horns mounted on top. 2.5 Hangings Pirates in the past were sentenced to hang and their bodies were often left to hang for a certain period of time in order to instil fear into people preventing them from approaching the life of a pirate. Many infamous pirates that were hanged include William Kidd, Charles Vane, Jack Calico Rackham, and William Fly. 3. Causes of piracy 3.1 Somalia The main reason why Somalia fishermen have begun to turn to piracy as their occupation would be because of the collapse of the Somalia government in 1991 which led to the lack of law enforced on the sea around Somalia allowing fishing vessels from other nations to carry out large scale pollution and fishing of the rich seas surrounding Somalia. This eventually led to the depletion of fish around the area that forced fishermen to look for other means to survive in the already economically unstable country. Many of which were too old to change and take the time to learn new skills as their families were starving hence they eventually resorted to piracy. They believe that the true criminals are in fact those that depleted their natural resources and polluted it. Their act of piracy is merely a mean of communicating with the world telling them that they require help and people need to stop dumping waste and overfishing in their waters. Before the people resorted to piracy they attempted to chase away illegal fishing trawlers from their waters by approaching them with speedboats and attempting to collect a fee from them but this was futile as. It is a known fact that over 300 million dollars worth of fishes and other goods are illegally caught and smuggled from there by these fishermen. Their attempts to continue fishing in their own waters have also failed as they claimed foreign fishing vessels attempt to ram them and have cut their net which makes the problem even worst. Their lack of government prevents them from communicating to the world as there is no appointed leader. Many of the current pirates in Somalia started of as a group that wanted to give some sense of security to fishermen but eventually became pirates. Hence the main problem can be said to be their lack of government an issue that has to be solved eventually to stabilize the country that is currently falling apart. Certain international unions however back the Somali pirates and even support them as they believe it is a way of telling the world that they need help and people need to stop illegally fishing and dumping waste in their waters. Picture of a Somali pirate 3.2 Other parts of the world Pirates are also known to roam around the straits of Malacca, Singapore, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. These pirates commit piracy with different reasons compared to the Somali pirates as they do it because they can, compared to most Somali pirates that do not have a choice. Some of these pirates are just gangsters that do it because it is a crime. 4.1 Methods used in the past by pirates Pirates in the past used fast boats in order to chase down merchant vessels or outrun navies. When attempting to loot a merchant vessel they would go close enough to use grappling hook and board the ship looting and killing everyone aboard, they would then either bury the treasure or bring it back to their strongholds where the loot will be split among them with the captain dividing the loot up evenly while he took a larger share, for other vessels such as fishing or navy vessels they would either attempt to outrun them or ram them with their reinforced hulls sinking ships. Later pirates also used cannons to disable ships for easier plunder. Many of the crew would carry weapons such as swords or guns to fight. 4.2 Methods used by pirates in the modern age Modern day pirates similar to their older counterparts make use of small speed boats to chase after merchant vessels heavily armed with modern day semi-automatic weapons they would then board the ship and capture the crew as hostage for a ransom that the shipping company will have to pay in order to get the goods, ship and crew back to continue the journey. These ransoms can be large sums of money which is why many shipping companies nowadays resort to taking a longer more expensive trip rather than risking the chance of their ships getting taken by pirates. 4.3 Current piracy statistics Piracy at sea has an estimated loss of 13 to 16 billion dollars each year, with the current surge of pirates in Somalia these numbers are believed to increase. The money compiles from mainly ransom collected by pirates and also belongings of the crew member. 5.1 Current methods to prevent piracy The methods currently used at sea are the patrolling of coast guards around straits that provide a false sense of security to vessels as these coast guards are not able to escort every ship in and out of their country hence piracy occurs quite frequently at places with little or no coast guards where the guards will be out of site or have just past the area. Ships are also equipped with radar so it is up to the crew members to defend themselves from pirates as regularly checking the radar will help them avoid areas where unknown vessels are in the area. Some ships are also equipped with a sonic weapon that emits a high frequency sound wave which is able to burst ear drums preventing pirates from boarding the ship. 5.2 Steps taken by the government The current laws enforced by the government against pirates is that action will be taken against anyone that puts a life in danger or is a threat to communication at sea 5.3 Steps taken by shipping companies There are a few precautions that shipping companies can take against pirates. However the few steps that are being taken by shipping companies include the rerouting of routes around areas that have a high rate of being attacked by pirates, routing their ships to follow a safer path by staying close to coast guard patrol routes and also helping their crew prepare against pirate attacks or they could also completely avoid these areas. 5.4 Steps that should be taken in my opinion Firstly the main problem that is causing people to becoming pirates should be addressed, for example the lack of a government in Somalia could be said to be the main problem in the high pirate population in the country. Hence the United Nations ought to seek away to solve it for example colonizing it to a country with more economic stability or take some responsibility and help to lead the country out of poverty. Government of countries close to Somalia should also take action and ensure that their fishing vessels do not illegally enter into Somalia to fish, allowing Somalis to return to their way of life. 6. Pirates portrayed by the media Movies on pirates usually include them dressed in a long coat with a few layers of clothes inside and the captain usually wears a triangular hat and carries a blade by his side. The captain is usually a formidably fighter that has certain values like leadership, rough edged voice, fierce look and a quick mind that is able to think clearly through battle. The term walk the plank was popularized by the film peter pan. Many movies also showed pirates talking in their unique accent and the many uncommon words used. Pirates were also portrayed as people that held many secrets and talked frequently in code words where viewers would not know the meaning until the actions were carried out Picture from the film Pirates of the Caribbean 7. Conclusion With this report i conclude that piracy is a crime that has been around for an extremely long time and this will not change. The only thing that we can change will be the number of pirates at sea by rooting out the problems we will be able to help some of the pirates who have been forced into a life of piracy for example the Somali pirates. It can also be concluded that if governments from every country in the world take some responsibility the current rate of piracy can be lowered.